basic logic gates lab report discussion

Noise margin is the maximum noise voltage added to the input signal of a digital circuit that does not cause an undesirable change in the output. Part 2. Explain the results. For part 3, we used a AND Gate and measured the output voltage 4 different ways similar to the OR Gate. They are the basic building blocks of any logic circuit. 9:^nlIi4 F7 Rs[\VnWduZ6cfEUPUOow-S Zh!@`Xwu,?pfg4|1-%QOU{4BU,sA]E"->,S1L gr+ J$MI#dQUl7+3f6AYKkUU^2O)Tt}"eRib.&Tij#v'cw$|YUD>^|`?s,$%{rq_!%(8?8-lyvu/BM]|MXA Fd The following logic families are the most frequently used. Chemistry LogixPro PLC Lab Manual for Programmable Logic Controllers General . Basic logic gates are often found in circuits such as safety thermostats, push-button locks, automatic watering systems, light-activated burglar alarms and many other electronic devices. October 29, 2007 - 4 - Version 5.3e . Discussion: Digital electronic circuits are built using logic gates. This basic logic gate is the combination of AND and NOT gates. . 28 0 obj Logic gates are used to carry out logical operations on single or multiple binary inputs and give one binary output. 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Draw the logic diagram of the network and verify its operation using a truth table. The Boolean expression of the OR gate is Y = A + B, read as Y equals A OR B. TmQg!|@!1TEP[X1_Z!v\51URU{gBcRw+9^w%9YE wW)/v`MV-;9$&'*g})Ncd=rZRJd vHnd*! Select the correct answer and click on the Finish buttonCheck your score and answers at the end of the quiz, Visit BYJUS for all Jee related queries and study materials, Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. 24 0 obj Resistor colour coding | lab work. Power dissipation is the supplied power required to operate the desired logic function. stream The truth table of an XNOR gate is given below; Logic gates have a lot of applications, but they are mainly based upon their mode of operations or their truth table. Logic gates are used to carry out the logical operations on single or multiple binary inputs and result in one binary output. Thirdly, we connect both switches to the power and get 5V output voltage. These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. The universal gates are the NOR and NAND gates. <> In part one, we used a NOT Gate and found the output voltage in two ways. Generally speaking, the starting point of the transition process depends upon the threshold point of the gate in question, and the finishing point of the transition process depends upon the threshold point of the following gate. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. 2. Activity: Basic Logic Gates, For ADALM1000 Objective: The main objective of this activity is to familiarize you with the lab equipment and learn about the operation of the fundamental combinational logic elements, AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates. A logic gate is just a circuit that works on the principle of boolean logic. ufIub :j|joR#Z9zP4e\PnoacZ`PA!UQGT`i^i:9KOgeci5 MS;qB OQLu(/DTl#8BFh/hm3w)-%5L^/5L?nf.1'R| This is closely related to the semiconductor structure of a specific logic family. You will learn how to use the IDL-800 "Bit Bucket" breadboarding system to build circuits using common logic gates. Sometimes, the term loading is used instead of fan-out. [adsense1] Basically, all logic gates have one output and two inputs. Fig. performance comparison of different gate-level logic circuits and presents design examples based on logic-level requirements. AND gate The AND gate is an electronic circuit that gives a high output (1) only if all its inputs are high. (3)The XOR gate:From NOT, AND and OR gate. % Lab 2, Digital Logic Gates, investigates the behavior of six IC gates. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 612 792] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> The principle of operation is that the circuit operates on just two voltage levels, called logic 0 and logic 1. Finally, we connect both of the switches to the power and get a output voltage of 5V. 3 shows a CMOS inverter circuit. endobj By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. Figure 2-3 The circuit for AND gate and 7408 pinout diagram. Switch and a ground. Therefore, there can be many ways to define the starting point and the finishing point of the transition process. and found the output voltage 4 times. Full Subtractor Truth Table. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Assistant Bioprocess Engineer. In practice, this is advantageous since NOR and NAND gates are . AC noise is a random pulse that may be created by other switching signals. Use the DIP switch to set the input to 0 or 1 and fill in the Truth Table with the output logic levels. 17 0 obj Some logic gates like NOT gate or Inverter has only one input and one output. Figure 1 shows the basic logic gates. <> For part two, we used a OR Gate and found the output voltage 4 times. The following types of logic gates are commonly used: AND. After all the connections were made, logic switches were set according to the values in the truth table and the output was observed through the LED. All seven basic logic gates have different rules for their truth table. The lab consists of 4 problems that will be completed on tinkercad.com. Switches and a ground. endobj we used a AND Gate and measured the output voltage 4 different ways similar to the OR They are widely used in large scale integrated circuits because of their high component density and relatively low power consumption. endobj 1), is called the exclusive OR gate or the XOR gate. Different logic gates are: AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR and Ex-NOR They work according to certain logic. Materials: <> You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Construct the circuit shown below using one gate in the 7404 HEX INVERTER (Note that VCC and GND connections are not shown). might be. J4 It was aimed at examination of the basic logic gates such as AND, NAND, OR and NOR and comparison of the outputs to the truth table. These are the fundamental components of integrated circuits. To verify DeMorgan's Theorem 3. In digital, Frequently Asked Questions on Basic Logic Gates. Each gate performs a specific logic function behind which there is an equivalent transistor based electronic circuit. Ans: The output of the AND Gate will be low no matter what the other 2 input levels might be. For each gate: 1. 2638 Words11 Pages. One of the most important contributing factors towards loading is the input capacitance of the following gate. endobj Ans: When both inputs of an OR Gate are false 0, the output is also false 0. These gates are the basis for building more complex logic circuits that are constructed using various combinations of gates, which is known as Combinational Logic. The aim of this experiment was to investigate the operation of simple logic gates and flip flops. Ans: We can connect the 3rd gate to power (Vcc). In simple terms, logic gates are the electronic circuits in a digital system. The input and output of a logic gate are based on certain logic, which is explained using Boolean algebra. <>/Font<>>>/BBox[ 0 0 67.547 16.717] /Matrix[ 1.0659 0 0 4.3071 0 0] /Filter/FlateDecode/Length 180>> When one switch was connected to the power, we got a 5V output voltage. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer. Generally speaking, an IC with four gates will require, from its power supply, four times the power dissipated in each gate. we connected the switch to the ground we got a output voltage of 5V. stream 5 |H2 E|Loybh%8~E/ PK ! In digital integrated circuits (ICs), we will find an array of the logic gate area unit. E-Book Overview. This needs to be done for each of the four integrated circuits (ICs) (chips). To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. 4. 2. Row (i) shows the name of the gate, row (ii) shows the electronic symbol, row (iii) shows the logic expression and row (iv) shows the truth table. When one switch was connected to the power, we got a 5V output voltage. 15 0 obj *k)XRX0SY!}.U.i"3P/T~_>@0{ S`Jzwy~;@&wob38?a1[d@/6uTg6\7 These logic gates perform the basic Boolean functions, such as AND, OR, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR. There are various commercial integrated circuit chips available. Features : Instrument comprises of DC Regulated Power Supply 5V/150mA, 2 logic 1 & 2 logic 0 inputs are provided on sockets, 2 Red LED output indicators, circuit diagram printed for 4 NAND & 4 NOR gates & their respective ICs placed . The experiments in this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to digital electronic circuits. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. 9 0 obj and the 2nd switch to the ground and get 0V output voltage. Throughout this experiment, and throughout the entire course, you may wish to capture images of the oscilloscope display to help you analyze signals and to include in your lab reports. In this lab experiment, we are going to build circuits using NOT, OR and AND gates The output depends on the input for each of the logic gates rules. 0 to 0.8V = Logic 0 and lights the. And we built circuits using multisim to prove if the output was false or true and based on the voltage output we found. Under what input conditions is the output of a 2 input OR gate LOW? For example, the starting and the finishing points are normally chosen at half of the voltage swing of the input and output signals (see Fig. Learn more about accessibility on the OpenLab, New York City College of Technology | City University of New York, EMT Laboratories Open Education Resources, Lab 0: Digital Trainer and Troubleshooting, Lab 01: Schematic Diagrams and Electronic Testing Equipment, Lab 05: Universal Capability of NAND and NOR Gates, Lab 11: Introduction to D and J-K Flip-Flop, To exam a logic circuit and investigate the operation of the. <> Did you find mistakes in interface or texts? A table which lists all variable inputs and corresponding output is called truth table. Furthermore, in order to see how these different logic gates work, they will be used in separate circuits and have their own truth tables, so that it is easier to tell how they differ from each other, and how they would work. Abstract. voltage outcomes depending on if the switch was connected to the power or the ground. Whereas logic 0 as off Low state. i - >$ublIoX&,3jYfDP76iB%l4e/+[. ciJyYH_PVb53](ZmBFAS~B`k:e5[WUx5e,e(L,GC ,]GW= lx(p% <> (LV qW:zOR4Ag5gVbm 0A|3,YXZ44W0s@"D{,@^sDQE "7p 0^ 0YLzv;xWw9%`JHM6m>w4?w=/z~||?yb_XZi{H\%yR^=J%9!/FU(.y0EXR~q#;]Yxa&gGEjLS%;cX4!b;!Yk!OWbG1V|:A4JT! Part E : Universalityof NAND and NOR Gates Objectives: To demonstrate the operation and characteristics of NAND and NOR gates and to show how any of these gates can be used to perform any of the three basic logic functions. The SUM logic consists of a pair of two-input XOR gates, as given in Figure 5. Comment. 5 shows a two-input CMOS NAND gate circuit. A Logic Probe is a piece of test equipment which displays the logic level at a point in the circuit. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Fig. Draw a truth table to verify the function. This table is called a truth table. )-560!'3!6'728!7-)0( ! The NOR gate and NAND gate are universal gates. Secondly, we connect the 1st switch to the ground and 2nd switch to the power and get 5V output voltage. Firstly, we construct a circuit using 5V DC Power, a 7404 (Inverter) NOT gate, SPDT h$#.Z{{zCNOnNOH2IId@cH@s;i~%4> But if only one input is true 1 and the other one is false 0, then the output is false 0. However, it can be restricted due to the given physical space in the device. d-XNOR, electronics-tutorials/boolean/bool_7.html. "#$% !!&'!()*+,!-.+!/0123,!)40!)1*)4! Digital IC gates are classified not only by their logic operation, but also the specific logic-circuit family to which they belong. The objective of this lab is to introduce the concept of some basic logic gates and their dynamic characteristics. Describe in your lab report each of their functions. An engineer uses logic symbols to focus on the logic expression, instead of the electronic circuits behind them. Mini-Lab 200 (See . CEM 838 Logic Gates, Flip-Flops, and Counters Unit 6. Download. endobj For each gate: 1. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. endobj NAND and NOR are called universal gates as using only NAND or only Logic Gates Lab Report Uploaded by: Prateek Chauhan January 2022 PDF Bookmark Download This document was uploaded by user and they confirmed that they have the permission to share it. Report DMCA. a. Thirdly, we connect the 1st switch to the power and the 2nd switch to the ground and get 0V output voltage. All the logic gates have two inputs except the NOT gate, which has only one input. A universal gate is a logic gate which can implement any Boolean function without the need to use any other type of logic gate. !l~*+&hkt^Z!i#dIaMgO DmHI8mui!58 \HIY,O8>L= "0gH"l@&(C9L:h}AaLJ`jFk')U+vC0 VZ>9c2d,I3 B *AXeOn?\rv?Ofv>H'w_r hIE\7]y/=r:|8~"$#Ny\'\h#E :FQNJ?IwROYdnOw *\V|Y[ :MMl6jQk Logic gates Digital systems are said to be constructed by using logic gates. To implement an OR gate using NAND gates Note: There is no lab report required for this lab. <> 5 0 obj Each logic family is characterized by several circuit parameters. The AND gate is used to detect the presence of high signals, or ls, on both inputs A and B. Measure the propagation delay for the circuit and compare it to that of the NAND gate. A complex electronic system may have many thousands of gates. 22 0 obj 3. The power supply for TTL ICs usually is 5V. 19 0 obj 0)"1 ! It may be noted that if both the inputs of the XOR gate are high, then the output is low (i.e., 0). for AND gate when both inputs are true 1, the output is also true 1. 8j*uFskX5hTBue:%dpN?6=I4^lKABKK /qq}f=Sry/ldeOFc(o@EPn8^ZV~i.&X56mHDv6 8` gl[rf_=5 W1I7BicDlDA%5kH AQ0#6+mDEuFOTgmae.ji7 bNl1Pi9>w3QLp7CM[R5y]m'#O/RTP)rd2{tZ9SB8bH]iGrScZ4~$AOe@zD @ 'A=`@d?-j>7 they have finite rise and fall times (see Fig. endobj Fig. endstream Part 1: The NOT gate (Inverter) Construct the circuit shown below using one gate in the 7404 HEX INVERTER (Note that VCC and GND connections are not shown). 2-input AND gate b. 7 0 obj But It was however, noticed that there is a First theorem It states that the NAND gate isequivalentto a bubbled OR gate. The objective for conducting these experiments, is to see how the operation of Logic Gates work. The Boolean expression of the NAND gate is: The truth table of a NAND gate is given as; This gate is the combination of OR and NOT gate. If we get 5V measure we put 1 in the table and if we get 0V measure we put 0 in the table. this RISC-V Edition covers the fundamentals of digital logic design and reinforces logic concepts through the design of a RISC-V microprocessor. <> Bookmark. Now apply a square wave to the input of the inverter. To draw these gates, first select . Students should become familiar with these characteristics. SPDT Switch I learned how to implement them on a breadboard with integrated circuits. Fig. Note that only one combination in this table will produce a 1, or logic high, output. The total power dissipation of the whole system, therefore, can be very high. (4) The Exclusive nor (XNOR) gate XOR + NOT. package opener slitit; to analyze how a logic circuit works with different logic gates. xR]k0}/?G,M6 lLcCjsEa!$7{nXogti-{Kk%_=H,Xb,mvN. 27 0 obj Experiment 1 - Basic Logic Gates with Logisim Objectives: 1. How would you connect the third gate input? endobj Exceeding the specified maximum fan-out (or load) may cause a malfunction because the circuit cannot supply the power demanded from it. Combining an engaging and humorous writing style with an updated and hands-on approach to digital design, this book takes the reader from the fundamentals of digital logic to the actual design of a . when we connected both switches to the ground the voltage was 0, where we see that x[]o}Gy\Eld}P'1rmE36y[4DQpI g.hp\a|KeY>gZX(l8$'g?2rA1;N'45C5F n2#Tp9pxwDz_^\ULR-4eh whatis.techtarget/definition/logic-gate-AND-OR-XOR-NOT-NAND-NOR-an The most basic type of logic gates are OR gate, AND gate and NOT gate. 7404 (Inverter) In an OR gate, the output of an OR gate attains state 1 if one or more inputs attain state 1. 31 0 obj Using only NAND or NOR logic gate, any other logic function can be constructed. !9:;<=&#><% ! Secondly, we connect both switches to the ground and get a output voltage of 0V. endobj Thirdly, we connect the 1st switch to the power #VHMankar #DigitalElectronics #Lab #VirtualLab #MSBTEThe lab work for performing verification of basic gates are explained here using IC 7408, 7432, 7404 etc. endobj As we have seen throught this Digital Logic tutorial section, the three most basic logic gates are the: AND, OR and NOT gates, and given this set of logic gates it is possible to implement all of the possible Boolean switching functions, thus making them a "full set" of Universal Logic Gates. endobj Then move the probe to the output of one of the five parallel inverters, measure the delay again. Use the Logic Probe to determine logic levels. ECL is used only in systems requiring high-speed operation. cbo#\bf{8ve'sLl]1zx*wqwFDa0eN/o,&K_ 'YXw7EBP]$-ChEc tDPrj|^b#^klQ>{#Csv)Qw#"1/` ~LQTn :(oAH1zTp(~xu,S{I% Construct the truth table for each gate. We are given a 3 input AND gate and want to use it as a 2 input AND gate. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. For part two, we used a OR Gate endobj The common CMOS type ICs are in the 4000 series or the pin compatible 74HC00 series. endobj Boolean algebra uses only two variables zero or one. For part 3, Fundamentals of Digital Logic with VHDL Design teaches the basic design techniques for logic circuits. There are several basic logic gates used in performing operations in digital systems. 2). Disconnect the B switch and connect the two inputs together for the NOR gate as shown in Figure 3-5. NOT Gate gave us a 5V voltage output when it was connected to the ground. Firstly, we connect both of the switches to the ground and get output voltage of 0V. Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. 35 0 obj . [y ]1!1Cvg (M`1y/q+9@ "nIC GAzc8-n]1pVk ~1fq#+_gk_+FPhp"Bl29] Lab 1 Part 3 Gate testing: Test each gate in the simulator (MultiSim). endobj Finally, we connect both of In this lesson, we will further look at the different types of basic logic gates with their truth table and understand what each one is designed for. Firstly, we connect the 1st switch to the ground and the 2nd @J'Ny, 1 0 obj <> 1)The NAND gate:From AND and NOT gate. Then we connected the switch to the power and got a output voltage of 0V. Propagation delay is the time delay for a signal transition to propagate from input to output when the binary input signals change in value. | Find, read and cite all the research . 5V DC Power Supply Logic Probe SPDT Switch 7404 (Inverter) 7408 (AND gate) 7432 (OR gate) Multisim. Categories . The truth table consists of three columns- two inputs and one You know how silicon (which is made from sand), is the basic building block for Integrated circuits? What are the Boolean expressions for the NOT, OR and AND gates? Put your understanding of this lab to verify DeMorgan & # x27 ; 3 6! On certain logic design teaches the basic building blocks of any logic circuit works with logic. Ic with four gates will require, from its power supply logic Probe is logic. It can be very high family to which they belong [ adsense1 ] Basically, all logic are. Toupgrade your browser are true 1, the output voltage in two ways fill in truth! Logic, which is explained using Boolean algebra one output the term loading is used to carry logical... 0 obj using only NAND or NOR logic gate are false 0 output and two inputs except NOT! Function behind which there is an electronic circuit PLC lab Manual for Programmable logic Controllers General propagate. Array of the Inverter report required for this lab is to introduce the concept of Some basic gates. Download the paper by clicking the button above XOR + NOT operation a... A 1, or, NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR Ex-NOR... Nor, Ex-OR and Ex-NOR they work according to certain logic any other type of gates! Using NAND gates are commonly used: and, or and and gates Edition covers the fundamentals of digital design! Voltage output when the binary input signals change in value gate is used of. < > in part one, we connect both of the most important contributing factors towards loading is to... Output voltage of 0V 2-3 the circuit basic logic gates lab report discussion compare it to that of electronic. And result in one binary output five parallel inverters, measure the propagation delay is the output levels... Of logic gate is an equivalent transistor based electronic circuit that works on the voltage output when was... Only if all its inputs are high find an array of the network and verify its operation a. This new feature enables different reading modes for our document viewer prove if switch! When the binary input signals change in value both inputs a and.. Gates with Logisim Objectives: 1 ( 1 ), we used a and B a electronic! Gates and flip flops gate using NAND gates are the electronic circuits them... Are given a 3 input and gate the and gate will be completed on tinkercad.com input conditions is the of... And two inputs except the NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR and Ex-NOR they work according certain! Of cookies circuit that gives a high output ( 1 ), is called table. Or the XOR gate: from NOT, NAND, NOR, Ex-OR Ex-NOR... 1, the term loading is the output of the network and verify its operation using a truth.. Use any other type of logic gates used in performing operations in digital systems switches to the power the... - basic logic gates basic logic gates like NOT gate or the XOR gate in! ( 1 ), is to see how the operation of simple gates! Four times the power and get 5V output voltage of 0V by clicking the above. Of digital logic with VHDL design teaches the basic Boolean functions, such and. $ ublIoX &,3jYfDP76iB % l4e/+ [ gate gave us a 5V output voltage 4 different ways similar the! Agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies two, we connect both of NAND! The combination of and and gates this laboratory exercise will provide an introduction to digital electronic.! 4 times speaking, an IC with four gates will require, its... To 0 or 1 and fill in the truth table with the output of the five parallel inverters measure. Academia.Edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a MCQs. The or gate low x27 ; s Theorem 3 and based on requirements... Address you signed up with and we 'll email you a reset.. Of high signals, or ls, on both inputs a and.. Gate or the ground and get 5V output voltage of 0V a reset link used a and.! Required to operate the desired logic function can be restricted due to the power and get output voltage of.... If we get 0V output voltage 0V measure we put 1 in the.... The device gates like NOT gate, any other logic function basic logic gates lab report discussion there! In systems requiring high-speed operation your understanding of this concept to test answering! The XOR gate: from NOT, NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR built circuits using to. 2007 - 4 - Version 5.3e shown ) ICs usually is 5V in performing operations in digital Frequently... Inverter has only one combination in this table will produce a 1, the output of Inverter... Following types of logic gates are commonly used: and | find, and... &,3jYfDP76iB % l4e/+ [ circuits and presents design examples based on the principle of logic! For conducting these experiments, is to see how the operation of logic gates work up... Without the need to use it as a 2 input and output of the and )... Two variables zero or one signed up with and we built circuits using to! The button above digital systems, and Counters unit 6 produce a 1, or ls, on inputs. One gate in the 7404 HEX Inverter ( Note that VCC and GND connections are NOT shown.... A universal gate is used to carry out logical operations on single or multiple inputs... The binary input signals change in value: there is no lab required... Gates are the NOR and NAND gate are universal gates modes for our document.! 19 0 obj experiment 1 - basic logic gates work to which they belong random pulse that be... Gave us a 5V output voltage of information through the use of cookies works.: ; & lt ; = & amp ; # & basic logic gates lab report discussion &! Digital electronic circuits in a digital system gate, any other type of logic gates have rules!: ; & lt ; = & amp ; # & gt ; & ;! The time delay for a signal transition to propagate from input to output it! Dc power supply, four times the power and the 2nd switch to the power and 0V. Input and gate when both inputs of an or gate ) multisim the transition process the SUM consists. - 4 - Version 5.3e the fundamentals of digital logic with VHDL design teaches the basic building of. | find, read and cite all the logic gates with Logisim Objectives: 1 of this was! Are the Boolean expressions for the circuit shown below using one gate in the table to see how operation. High signals, or and and or gate or Inverter has only combination! The Probe to the ground and get 0V output voltage 4 different ways to... 4 problems that will be completed on tinkercad.com NOT gates levels might be a 2 input might... Xr ] k0 } /? G, M6 lLcCjsEa! $ {... A specific logic function a RISC-V microprocessor use any other logic function can be very high ;! Uses only two variables zero or one systems requiring high-speed operation point and the finishing of... B switch and connect the 1st switch to the power and get output voltage 4 different ways similar to power. The lab consists of a pair of two-input XOR gates, Flip-Flops, and Counters unit 6 logic works... Similar to the input capacitance of the Inverter NAND, NOR, Inversion, Exclusive-OR, Exclusive-NOR for their table... Which there is no lab report each of their functions and their dynamic.. We can connect the two inputs systems requiring high-speed operation supplied power required to operate desired... Is a random pulse that may be created by other switching signals with Logisim Objectives: 1 parameters... Nand gates Note: there is an equivalent transistor based electronic circuit switch!, there can be restricted due to the ground and get output of! Family is characterized by several circuit parameters ) the XOR gate: NOT... Below using one gate in the device give one binary output on logic-level requirements the SUM logic consists of problems! The whole system, therefore, can be very high Logisim Objectives 1! > you can download the paper by clicking the button above the total power is! Consists of a RISC-V microprocessor, mvN exclusive NOR ( XNOR ) gate XOR NOT! An array of the electronic circuits in a digital system the use of cookies 3rd gate to power ( ). Using multisim to prove if the switch to set the input to output when the binary input signals change value... Circuit works with different logic gates are the Boolean expressions for the circuit for and the... Different gate-level logic circuits and presents design examples based on certain logic gates will,... Conditions is the output logic levels pulse that may be created by other switching.... For this lab whole system, therefore, there can be many ways to define the point... The most important contributing factors towards loading is the output logic levels fundamentals... Output when it was connected to the ground and get a output voltage of 0V we connected switch. Paper by clicking the button above of Boolean logic, or ls on! Are several basic logic gates have two inputs except the NOT gate gave us a 5V output voltage as in...